Ancient Indian Literature and their writers

Srl Non	Name of the book	Writer
1	Ramayan	Maharishi Valmiki
2	Mahabharata	Maharaishi Vedvyas
3	Mudrarakshasa	Vishakhadatta
4	Arthashastra	Chanakya (also known as Kautilya and Vishnugupta)
5	Ashtadhyayi	Panini
6	Mahabhashya	Pitanjali
7	Ratnavali	Harshavardhana
8	Priyadarshika	Harshavardhana
9	Kadambari	Banabhatta
10	Vikramanka charita	Bilhan
11	Rajatirangani	Kalhan
12	Prithviraj raso	Chandbardai
13	Indica	Megasthanese
14	Sushruta Samhita	Charak
15	Devi chandraguptam	Vishakhadatta
16	Mrichhakatikam	Shudraka
17	Panchatantra	Vishnu sharma
18	Nitisaar	Kamandaka
19	Nyaybhashya	vatsyayan
20	Kavyadarsh	dandi
21	Suryasidhanta	aryabhatta
22	Panchsidhantika	varamihira
23	Geetgovinda	Jayadev
24	Kokshastra	Kaak Pandit
25	Kaamsutra	Vatsyayan
26	Nighantu	Dhanvantri
27	Rasaratnakar	Nagarjuna
28	Manusmriti	Manu

Important Events with Dates - Indian Freedom Struggle

Following is given the list of the dates and events during the Indian Freedom Struggle.



1498 - Vasco De Gama Visited India at Kalikut Port.

1600 - British Est India Company came into existence in Britain during Elizabeth.

1608 - First factory established by the British East India Company during mughal ruler Jehangir.

1757 - Battle of Plassey between East India Company and Siraj-ud-daula. Britishers won the battle.

1764 - Battle of Buxur , between East India Company and on the other side were Mir Quasim, shuja-             ud-daula from Oudh and Shah Alam Mughal ruler of that time.

1845 - First Anglo-Sikh war.Britishers did not annex Punjab.

1848 - Second Anglo-Sikh war during Lord Dalhousie, He annexed Punjab.

1857 - First War of Independence - Started by Mangal Pandey,Then it spread to Meerut , Kanpur,                  Jhansi , Oudh and other places.

1885 - Indian National Congress founded by AO Hume. First meeting presided over by Womesh                     Chander Banerji at Tejpal Sapru College in Bombay on 31st of December.

1905 - Partition of Bengal by Lord Curzon on the plea of administration.

1906 - Muslim League gounded by Salimullah Khan and Sir Aga Khan.

1907 - Surat split and Congress was divided into two section.

1911 - Delhi became the capital of India.

1914 - First world war started.

1916 - Lucknow Pact signed between Muslim League and Congress.

1919 - Rowlatt Act passed, Massacre of Jallianwala bagh.

1920 - Khilafat Movt. and Non-Co-operation Movement started by Muslim League and Mahatma                   Gandhi.

1922 - Incident of Chaura-Chauri in Gorakhpur distt. and Non-co-operation movement was                             suspended due to this event.

1928 - Visit of Simon Commission to India,

1930 - Dandi March and Salt Movement by Mahatma Gandhi.

1932 - Poona Pact and Third Round Table Conference.

1939 - World war second started in Europe by Hitler of Germany.

1940 - Demand of Pakistan in Lahore session by Muslim League.

1942 - Quit India Movement started by Mahatma Gandhi.

1947 - Maount Batten plan and Independence of India.

1949 - Constitution of India formed.

1950 - Constitution enacted.

1952 - First General Elections to the Lok Sabha.




                        ______________________________________

Gupta Period

Gupta Period (319-540 AD )

After the foreign rule of the Bacterians,Scythians, Parthians and Kushanas there rose a strong empire in Magadha. It was the Gupta Empire .They rose to power and their rule lasted for the next 200 years. Their rule saw an all round development in India and hence this is called the "Classical Age" or the "Golden Age" in the Ancient Indian History.

Gupta - the founder of the empire.

• Some person named Gupta was its founder.
• Nothing more important is known about him except that he used the simple title of Maharaja.

Chandragupta-1 ( 319-334 AD ) 

• He was the first Gupta ruler who used the title of Maharajadhiraja.
• He was marrried to the Lichhavi queen Kumardevi.
• This matrimonial alliance proved to be beneficiary for him and he occupied a large region of the Gangetic basin.

Samundragupta (335-380 AD)

• He was the greatest ruler of the Gupta empire.
• He is considered Indian Napoleon by the historian VA Smith.
• Much of the detail record about his reign is depicted on the Allahabad pillar inscription and Prayaga Prasasti.
• These inscriptions were depicted by Harisena who was his court poet.
• India had brisk trade with south-eastern Asian countries. Java, Sumatra and Malaya etc. are among these nations.
• He had a strong Naval power of that time.
• He issued different types of golden coins.
• From his coins we come to know that he was a true lover of music.

Chandragupta Vikramaditya (380-414 AD )

• Samundragupta was succeeded by some Ramagupta.
• But Ramagupta did not prove to be a genuine ruler to handle the empire efficiently.He was the most coward king of the time and even agreed to surrender his queen Dhruvadevi to the Saka invaders.
• Chandragupta Vikramaditya was younger brother of Ramagupta and he could not tolerate the impotency of his brother before Saka Ruler.
• He visited into the enemy's camp in the guise of the queen and killed the enemy and rescued his brother's wife.
• Later on he managed to kill his impotant brother Ramagupta and married to his wife Dhruvadevi 
• He establish matrimonial alliance with Nagas and Vakatakas and extended the limits of his empire 
• He defeated the Saka rulers and extended the empire upto Arabian sea.
• He issued silver coins.
• Iron pillar of Mehrauli is attributed to Chandragupta Vikramaditya.
• There were nine gems ( scholars ,scientists,philosophers and mathematicians etc. ) in his court.
• Kalidas was his famous court poet.
• Amarsingh , Dhanavantri and Varahmihira were other famous gems in his court.

Kumargupta-1 (415-455 AD )

• Kumargupta-1 was the successor after Chandragupta Vikramaditya.
• Nomadic clan of Huns threatened his empire during his time but he efficiently faced them.
• Nalanda University was founded by Kumargupta-1 which later on developed as a great centre of learning throughout the world in India.

Skandagupta ( 455-467 AD )

• He was the last great ruler of the gupta empire.
• His empire during his time was known for the repeatedly attacks by the Huns.
• Huns were tackled every time by Skandagupta but their continuous invasions weakened the empire economically.
• After the death of Skandagupta there was not any other successor strong enough to run the empire efficiently.

Gupta Period is known for their all round development. The caves of Ajanta and Allora are considered to be relating to their age.

Important tips for remembering the books written by Kalidas.
We can remember them by taking the name of  - RAM KU MAR

explanation :-   

R = RaghuvanshA = AbhigyanshakuntlamM = MeghdootKU = KumarshanbhavMA = MalvikagnimitramR = Ritusamhara

                                 ____________________________________________

Successors of the Mauryas

After the great empire of the Maurya , there came a series of foreigners who invaded India after one another and ruled for some decades. We can make an abbreviation BSP-Kush for keeping in mind the order of these foreigners.This will become :

B = Bacterion Greeks

S = Scythians or Sakas 

P = Parthians from Iran and

Kush = Kushans 

Greeks (2nd century BC)

• Bacterion Greeks or Indo-Greeks were the first foreign rulers of North-western India in the Post-Maurya period.
• Minander was the most famous Indo-Greek ruler . He was also known as Milinda.
• He ruled from 165-145 BC
• He was converted to Budhism by Nagarjuna.
• The Indo-Greeks were the first rulers to issue gold coins.  

Scythians or Sakas ( 1st century- 4th century BC)

• They came after the Bacterion rulers and established their large empire in the North-Western region of India.
• The most famous ruler among the Scythians rulers was Rudradaman.
• Rudradaman ruled from 130-150 AD
• He is well known for his public welfare works.
• He is said to have repaired the Sudarshan Lake.
• He also led expedition against Satvahanas

Parthians from Iran ( 1st CenturyBC- 1st Century AD )

• They invaded and occupied the regions of the North-Western India after the end of Scythians or Sakas.
• The only important event during their reign is the visit of St. Thomas who came to propogate Christianity in India.

Kushans (1st Century AD- 3rd Century AD )

• The Kushans were from Central Asia
• They occupied a large area and reached upto the Indo-Gangetic region.
• Famous ruler of them was Kanishka.
• Kanishka ruled over North-West region of India.
• Peshawar and Mathura were his capital cities.
• He started an Era in 78 AD which is known as Saka-Era.
• This Saka-Era Calendar is used by the Govt. of India these days.
• He also was converted to Budhism and became a great patron of this.
• 4th Budhist Council was held during his period in Kashmir.
• The Kushanas were having full control over the Silk-route.
• They also issued gold coins on a wide scale.
• Kanishka patronised many scholars in his court.
• Some important scholars in his court were :- Nagarjuna, Vasumitra and Asvaghosha

After the Kushanas there comes the Gupta period in the History of India.

                                 _______________________________________

ਭਾਰਤੀ ਇਤਿਹਾਸ ਵਿੱਚ ਕੁਝ ਮਹੱਤਵਪੂਰਨ ਤੱਥ ( ਮੌਰਿਆ ਕਾਲ )

ਮੌਰਿਆ ਕਾਲ 

ਪੁਰਾਣਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਉਹਨਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਸ਼ੂਦਰ ਲਿਖਿਆ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ |

ਬੁੱਧ ਸਾਹਿੱਤ ਵਿੱਚ ਕਿਹਾ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਉਹ ਸਾਕਿਆ ਖੱਤਰੀਆਂ ਵਿੱਚੋਂ ਸਨ |

ਕੁਝ ਵੀ ਹੋਵੇ ਉਹ ਅਸਲ ਵਿੱਚ ਮੌਰਿਆ ਕਬੀਲੇ ਨਾਲ ਸਬੰਧਤ ਸਨ ਜਿਸਨੂੰ ਉਸ ਸਮੇਂ ਦੇ ਸਮਾਜ ਵਿੱਚ ਬਹੁਤ ਨੀਵਾਂ ਸਮਝਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਸੀ |

ਚੰਦਰ ਗੁਪਤ ਮੌਰਿਆ (322-298 BC)

ਉਹ ਆਪਣੇ ਗੁਰੂ ਚਾਣਕਿਆ ਦੀ ਸਹਾਇਤਾ ਨਾਲ ਸ਼ਕਤੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਆਇਆ ਸੀ |

ਉਸਨੇ ਆਖਰੀ ਨੰਦ ਰਾਜੇ ਧੰਨਾਨੰਦ ਨੂੰ ਗੱਦੀਓਂ ਲਾਹ ਦਿੱਤਾ ਅਤੇ ਆਪ ਮਗਧ ਦਾ ਰਾਜਾ ਬਣਿਆ |

ਪਾਟਲੀਪੁੱੱਤਰ ਉਸਦੀ ਰਾਜਧਾਨੀ ਸੀ |

ਉਸਨੇ ਸੈਲਿਉਕਸ ਨਿਕੇਟਰ ( ਪੱਛਮੀ ਭਾਰਤ ਦੇ ਇੱਕ ਯੂਨਾਨੀ ਸਾਮੰਤ ) ਨੂੰ ਹਰਾਇਆ |

ਇੱਕ ਸੰਧੀ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਸੈਲਿਉਕਸ ਨੇ ਇੱਕ ਬਹੁੱਤ ਵੱਡਾ ਖੇਤਰ ਚੰਦਰਗੁਪਤ ਮੌਰਿਆ ਨੂੰ ਦੇ ਦਿੱਤਾ 

ਉਸਨੇ ਮੌਰਿਆ ਦੇ ਦਰਬਾਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਆਪਣਾ ਇੱਕ ਦੂਤ ਵੀ ਭੇਜਿਆ |

ਉਸ ਦੂਤ ਦਾ ਨਾਮ ਮੈਗਸਥਨੀਜ਼ ਸੀ |

ਬਦਲੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਚੰਦਰਗੁਪਤ ਮੌਰਿਆ ਨੇ ਸੈਲਿਉਕਸ ਨੂੰ ਪੰਜ ਸੋ ਹਾਥੀ ਭੇਂਟ ਵਿੱਚ ਭੇਜੇ ਸਨ |

ਮੈਗਸਥਨੀਜ਼ ਨਾਮ ਦੇ ਇਸ ਦੂਤ ਨੇ "ਇੰਡੀਕਾ" ਨਾਮ ਦੀ ਇੱਕ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਲਿਖੀ ਸੀ , ਜੋ ਕਿ ਇਤਿਹਾਸਿਕ ਦ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਟੀਕੋਣ ਤੋਂ ਬਹੁਤ ਹੀ ਮਹੱਤਵਪੂਰਨ ਹੈ |

ਚੰਦਰਗੁਪਤ ਮੌਰਿਆ ਅਧੀਨ ਪਹਿਲੀ ਵਾਰ ਸਾਰਾ ਉੱਤਰੀ ਭਾਰਤ ਇੱਕ ਸੂਤਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਪਿਰੋਇਆ ਗਿਆ ਸੀ | ਇਹੀ ਕਾਰਣ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਉਸਨੂੰ ਭਾਰਤ ਦਾ ਪਹਿਲਾ ਮਹਾਨ ਸ਼ਾਸਕ ਆਖਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ |

ਚੰਦਰਗੁਪਤ " ਭਦਰਬਾਹੁ " ਦੇ ਪ੍ਰਭਾਵ ਹੇਠਾਂ ਆ ਕੇ ਜੈਨ ਧਰਮ ਦਾ ਅਨੁਯਾਈ ਬਣ ਗਿਆ ਸੀ |

ਆਪਣੇ ਜੀਵਨ ਦੇ ਆਖਰੀ ਸਮੇਂ ਉਹ ( ਕਰਨਾਟਕ ) ਚੰਦਰਗਿਰੀ ਪਹਾੜੀਆਂ ਵਿੱਚ ,ਸ਼੍ਰਵਣਬਿਲਗੋਲਾ ਵਿਖੇ ਚਲਾ ਗਿਆ |

ਸ਼੍ਰਵਣਬਿਲਗੋਲਾ ਵਿਖੇ ਉਸਨੇ ਸੰਥਾਰਾ ( ਭੁੱਖੇ ਰਹਿਕੇ ਸ਼ਰੀਰ ਦਾ ਤਿਆਗ ਕਰਨਾ ) ਪਰੰਪਰਾ ਨੂੰ ਨਿਭਾਉਂਦੇ ਹੋਏ ਪ੍ਰਾਣ ਤਿਆਗ ਦਿੱਤੇ |

ਬਿੰਦੁਸਾਰ ( ਚੰਦਰਗੁਪਤ ਮੌਰਿਆ ਦਾ ਪੁੱਤਰ )(298-273BC)

ਚੰਦਰ ਗੁਪਤ ਮੌਰਿਆ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਉਸਦਾ ਪੁੱਤਰ ਬਿੰਦੁਸਾਰ ਉਸਦਾ ਉੱਤਰਾਧਿਕਾਰੀ ਬਣਿਆ |

ਬਿੰਦੁਸਾਰ ਨੇ ਅਜੀਵਕ ਨੂੰ ਆਪਣੇ ਦਰਬਾਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਰੰਖਿਅਣ ਦਿੱਤਾ |

ਉਸਨੇ ਸੀਰਿਆ ਦੇ ਸ਼ਾਸਕ ਨੂੰ ਸ਼ਰਾਬ ,ਸੁੱਕੇ ਮੇਵੇ ਅੰਜੀਰ ਅਤੇ ਫ਼ਿਲੋਸਫਰ ਭੇਜਣ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਕਿਹਾ |

ਸੀਰਿਆ ਦੇ ਸ਼ਾਸਕ ਨੇ ਉਸਨੂੰ ਸ਼ਰਾਬ ਅਤੇ ਅੰਜੀਰ ਭੇਜੇ ਪਰ ਨਿਮਰਤਾ ਸਹਿਤ ਇਹ ਕਹਿ ਕੇ ਯੂਨਾਨੀ ਫਿਲੋਸਫਰਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਭੇਜਣ ਤੋਂ ਨਾਂਹ ਕਰ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਕਿ ਉਹ ਖ਼ਰੀਦਣ ਲਈ ਨਹੀਂ ਬਣੇ ਹਨ |

ਉਸਨੇ ਆਪਣੇ ਪਿਤਾ ਵੱਲੋਂ ਵਿਰਾਸਤ ਵਿੱਚ ਮਿਲੇ ਰਾਜ ਨੂੰ ਆਪਣੀ ਕਾਬਲੀਅਤ ਨਾਲ ਸੰਭਾਲਕੇ ਰੱਖਿਆ | ਇਸਤੋਂ ਇਲਾਵਾ ਉਸਦੇ ਬਾਰੇ ਕੋਈ ਖਾਸ ਘਟਨਾ ਜਿਕਰਯੋਗ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ |

ਅਸ਼ੋਕ ਮਹਾਨ (273-232 BC)

ਉਹ ਸਾਲ 269 ਈ:ਪੁ: ਵਿੱਚ ਗੱਦੀਨਸ਼ੀਨ ਹੋਇਆ  | ਇਸਦੇਰੀ ਦਾ ਕਾਰਣ ਚਾਰ ਸਾਲ ਉਸਦਾ  ਭਰਾਵਾਂ  ਨਾਲ ਯੁੱਧ ਰਿਹਾ |

ਭਾਰਤ ਦਾ ਸ਼ਾਸਕ ਬਣਨ ਤੋਂ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ ਉਹ ਤਕਸ਼ਸ਼ਿਲਾ ( ਟੈਕਸਲਾ ) ਅਤੇ ਉੱਜੈਨ ਦਾ ਗਵਰਨਰ ਰਹਿ ਚੁੱਕਾ ਸੀ |

ਰਾਧਾਗੁਪਤ ਉਸਦਾ ਮੁੱਖਮੰਤਰੀ ਸੀ |

ਉਸਦੇ ਗੱਦੀਨਸ਼ੀਨ ਹੋਣ ਤੋਂ ਨੋਵੇਂ ਸਾਲ ਵਿੱਚ ( ਸਾਲ 261 ਈ:ਪੁ: ਦੌਰਾਨ)  ਕਲਿੰਗ ਦਾ ਯੁੱਧ ਹੋਇਆ ਤਾਂ ਇਸ ਯੁੱਧ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਉਸਦੇ ਜੀਵਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਇੱਕ ਵੱਡਾ ਪਰਿਵਰਤਨ ਆਇਆ ਅਤੇ ਉਹ ਬੁੱਧ ਧਰਮ ਦਾ ਪੈਰੋਕਾਰ ਬਣ ਗਿਆ |

ਕਲਿੰਗ  ਦੇ ਯੁੱਧ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਉਸਨੇ ਧਰਮ ਦੀ ਨੀਤੀ ਅਪਣਾਈ |

ਯੁੱਧ ਨੀਤੀ ( ਭੇਰਿਘੋਸ਼ਾ ) ਦੀ ਜਗ੍ਹਾ ਧਰਮ ਦੀ ਨੀਤੀ ( ਧੰਮਘੋਸ਼ਾ ) ਨੇ ਲੈ ਲਈ |

ਉਸਨੇ ਦੇਸ਼ ਦੀਆਂ ਭਿੰਨ-ਭਿੰਨ ਦਿਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ ਵੱਲ ਬੁੱਧ ਧਰਮ ਦੇ ਪ੍ਰਚਾਰ ਲਈ ਆਪਣੇ ਧਰਮਦੂਤ ( ਧਰਮਪ੍ਰਚਾਰਕ ) ਭੇਜੇ |

ਉਸਨੇ ਆਪਣੇ ਪੁੱਤਰ ਮਹਿੰਦਰ ਅਤੇ ਪੁੱਤਰੀ ਸੰਘਮਿੱਤਰਾ ਨੂੰ ਬੁੱਧ ਧਰਮ ਦਾ ਪ੍ਰਚਾਰ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਸ਼੍ਰੀ ਲੰਕਾ ਭੇਜਿਆ |

ਉਸਦੇ ਜੋ ਅਭਿਲੇਖ ਮਿਲੇ ਹਨ ਉਹ ਜਿਆਦਾਤਰ ਯੂਨਾਨੀ ਅਰੇਮਿਕ ਅੜੇ ਬ੍ਰਹਮੀ ਲਿਪੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਲਿਖੇ ਹੋਏ ਹਨ |

ਮੌਰਿਆ ਵੰਸ਼ ਦੇ ਪਤਨ ਦੇ ਕਾਰਣ :

ਅਤਿ ਕੇਂਦਰੀਕਰਣ ਵਾਲਾ ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਾਸਨ 

ਕਮਜ਼ੋਰ ਉੱਤਰਾਧਿਕਾਰੀ 

ਬ੍ਰਾਹਮਣਵਾਦੀ ਪ੍ਰਤੀਕਿਰਿਆ 

ਯੁੱਧ ਦੀ ਨੀਤੀ ਨੂੰ ਤਿਆਗ ਦਿੱਤਾ ਗਿਆ ਸੀ |

ਬਹੁਤ ਵੱਡੇ ਸਾਮਰਾਜ ਨੂੰ ਬਿਣਾਂ ਸੈਨਿਕ ਸਹਾਇਤਾ ਦੇ ਚਲਾਉਣ ਜਾਂ ਸੰਭਾਲਣਾ ਬਹੁਤ ਮੁਸ਼ਕਿਲ ਸੀ |

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Ancient Historical Literature and other important things

Ancient Historical Literature

1	Arthashastra	kautlilya
2	Mudrarakshasa	Vishakhaduta
3	Malvikagnimitram	Kalidasa
4	Harsha charita	Banabatta
5	Ashtadhyiaye	Panini (gives detail of early mauryan period)
6	Mahabhashya	Patanjali (history of shunga dynasty)
7	Raj tirangani	Klhan ( history of Kashmir )
8	Kathasaritasahar	Bilhan
9	Ratnavali	Harshavardhan
10	Prithvi raj raso	Harshavardhan

Foreigners sources :-

1	Periplus of the Erythrian sea	Unknown
2	Indica	Magasthanese
3	Historica	Herodotus
4	Hiun Tsang	Record of the western world
5	Travel of Fa-hian	Fa-hian
6	History of Budhism	Lama Taranath

Geographical Location of the Indus Valley Civilization

1	Harappa	Montogomary(Ravi)
2	Mohanjodaro	Sindh,Larkana Distt
3	Chanhudaro and Kotdizi	Sindh
4	Sutkadegendor	Bluchistan
5	Rangpur	Gujrat, Ahmadabad
6	Lothal	Gujrat near Cambey
7	Surkotada and Dholavira	Gujrat , Runn of Katchh
8	Kalibangan	Ganganagr, Rajasthan
9	Alamgirpur	Math , UP
10	Mitathal	Bhivani Distt. ,Haryana
11	Banvali	Hisar, Haryana
12	Ropar, Sanghol	Punjab

Other important things found so far relating to the stone age

to Indus valley civilization

1	Proof of rice production are found in	Belan valley
2	Cotton production proof are found at	Lothal
3	Instruments of stone age are mainly made of	Qaurtzite type of stone
4	Only one place in India bones have been discovered relating to stone age at	Muchhattachintamanugavi
5	The biggest stettlement of Iron age in south India is found at	Banahali
6	PGW (Painted Gray Ware) were first of all vound in	Easter Punjab and ganga Yamuna doab
7	NBPN (Northern Black Polished Ware)	Were the further refinement and development of PGW
8	243 Rockshelters are found at	Bhimbetka
9	The place where tools from stone age to harrapan valley age are continuously found	Rohri hills
10	Middle Paleolithic age culture in southern Thar desert is called	Luni industry (45000 – 25000 BC )
11	Remains of dog buried with human being is found at	Burzahom , Sri Nagar(jammu and Kashmir )
1	Original home of the Aryan was central Asia	Max Muller
2	Original home was Arctic region	BG Tilak
3	Original home was Tibbet	Swami Dayanand
4	Bughazkai Inscription which mentions 4 vedic Gods is found in	Asia Mirnor, Turkey
5	The region where they settled first is known as	Sapta Sindhu
6	Rigveda was written in	Punjab
7	The old name of Mahabharta is	Jayashamhita
8	Aryans worshipped mainly	Natural gods and goddesses, Varun, Indra,and Jal devta
9	Name of the vedas	Rigveda ,Sama veda, Yajur veda and Atharva veda
10	Rigveda is	Collections of lyrics
11	Four varnas – Brahmin,kshatrya,Vaishya And Shudra are found first mention in	10the mandala of the Rigveda
12	Yajurveda is a book on	Sacrificial and ritual prayers
13	Sama veda is a book on	Chants ,spells
14	Atharva v eda is a book on	Magical formulaes
15	Brahmans are the	To understand the hymns of the vedas
16	Upanishads are generally called Vedanta and are 108 in total they are	Philosophical texts
17	Ramayan and Mahabharat are	Two epics of the Hindu literature
18	There are six vedangas	Shiksha, kalpa sutras, vyakarana ,nirukta, chhanda and jyotisha
19	There are six famous smiritis	Manus smriti is the most famous
20	Purana are important from historical point of view they are	18 puranas in total
21	There are four upvedas	Ayurveda ,Gandharvaveda,Dhanurveda and Shilpaveda